Selective Photooxidation of a Mustard‐Gas Simulant Catalyzed by a Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Framework

The photooxidation of a mustard‐gas simulant, 2‐chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), is studied using a porphyrin‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) catalyst. At room temperature and neutral pH value, singlet oxygen is generated by PCN‐222/MOF‐545 using an inexpensive and commercially available light‐emitting diode. The singlet oxygen produced by PCN‐222/MOF‐545 selectively oxidizes CEES to the comparatively nontoxic product 2‐chloroethyl ethyl sulfoxide (CEESO) without formation of the highly toxic sulfone product. In comparison to current methods, which utilize hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent, this is a more realistic, convenient, and effective method for mustard‐gas detoxification.     

Synthesis and Evaluation of GdIII‐Based Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agents for Molecular Imaging of Prostate‐Specific Membrane Antigen

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is advantageous because it concurrently provides anatomic, functional, and molecular information. MR molecular imaging can combine the high spatial resolution of this established clinical modality with molecular profiling in vivo. However, as a result of the intrinsically low sensitivity of MR imaging, high local concentrations of biological targets are required to generate discernable MR contrast. We hypothesize that the prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA), an attractive target for imaging and therapy of prostate cancer, could serve as a suitable biomarker for MR‐based molecular imaging. We have synthesized three new high‐affinity, low‐molecular‐weight Gd^III‐based PSMA‐targeted contrast agents containing one to three Gd^III chelates per molecule. We evaluated the relaxometric properties of these agents in solution, in prostate cancer cells, and in an in vivo experimental model to demonstrate the feasibility of PSMA‐based MR molecular imaging.     

Analysis of Newton’s Method to Compute Travelling Waves in Discrete Media

We present a variant of Newton’s method for computing travelling wave solutions to scalar bistable lattice differential equations. We prove that the method converges to a solution, obtain existence and uniqueness of solutions to such equations with a small second order term and study the limiting behaviour of such solutions as this second order term tends to zero. The robustness of the algorithm will be discussed using numerical examples. These results will also be used to illustrate phenomena like propagation failure, which are encountered when studying lattice differential equations. We finish by discussing the broad application range of the method and illustrate that higher dimensional systems exhibit richer behaviour than their scalar counterparts.     

Polymer‐Chlorambucil Drug Conjugates: A Dynamic Platform of Anticancer Drug Delivery

Recently, polymer drug conjugates (PDCs) have attracted considerable attention in the treatment of cancer. In this work, a simple strategy has been developed to make PDCs of an antitumor alkylating agent, chlorambucil, using a biocompatible disulphide linker. Chlorambucil‐based chain transfer agent was used to prepare various homopolymers and block copolymers in a controlled fashion via reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. Chlorambucil conjugated block copolymer, poly(polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether methacrylate)‐b‐poly(methyl methacrylate), formed nanoaggregates in aqueous solutions, which are characterized by dynamic light scattering and field emission‐scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the simplicity of the design is exemplified by performing a release study of chlorambucil under reducing condition by using D,L‐dithiothreitol.

     

一些磷－氮型极压抗磨添加剂性能的研究

合成了一些磷－氮型极压抗磨添加剂烷基亚磷酸酯胺盐和氮杂环胺盐，并对其油溶性和润滑性等进行了试验研究。结果表明，磷－氮型极压抗磨添加剂的化学结构对其油溶性和极压抗磨性都有较大的影响：烷基链增长有助于油溶性的改善，氮杂环胺盐的油溶性更好；伯胺盐的抗磨性比仲胺盐和叔胺盐的都好，氮杂环胺盐的抗磨性更好；磷－氮型极压抗磨添加剂的减摩性明显比硫化烯烃、烷基亚磷酸酯和苯三唑十八胺的都好，有的在２５０℃时的摩擦系数仅约为０．０４．Ｘ射线光电子能谱和俄歇电子能谱分析发现，磷－氮型极压抗磨添加剂在摩擦表面形成了一种含氮富磷的化学反应膜。其中，元素磷是以磷酸铁的化合态形式存在，而元素氮则是以其原有的价态形式存在，这表明氮参与了整个摩擦过程。在试验研究和分析讨论的基础上，通过综合归纳还提出了磷－氮型极压抗磨添加剂的作用机理模式图。     

用灰色理论和神经网络理论建立陀螺漂移模型初探

本文就灰色理论和神经网络技术在建立陀螺漂移模型上的应用进行了初步探讨；介绍了这两种理论工程应用上的方法和特点以及相关的一些问题。